• Alder bark is greenish-gray to reddish-brown and thin and smooth on small trees, becoming scaly near the base on larger, more mature trees. The flowers which appear early in the spring before the leaves develop, are reddish green. Male flowers are borne in drooping catkins and the female in erect catkins with both found on the same tree. The cone-like fruit usually remains on the limbs through- out the winter. The bark has a strong aromatic odor and a bitter astringent taste. Alder grows along streams and around springs or seeps, attaining a height of six to fifteen feet. It associates with Lodgepole pine, Willow, and Aspen.
  
  Tall Sage is the state flower of Nevada and grows up to 7 feet tall. It has broad ecological tolerance and can survive a wide range of environmental conditions. Tall Sagebrush has evolved a number of adaptations designed to increase the efficiency of water absorption and retention under the semi-arid conditions in which it thrives. The plants produce two types of leaves: the primary lobed leaves persist throughout the year whereas the smaller, softer non-lobed leaves appear along the branch tips in early winter and drop off during drought conditions the following summer. This allows more rapid growth during the relatively moist conditions of early spring and enables the plant to conserve resources during the hot, dry summer. Tall sagebrush also has an efficient dual-component root system. Small widely dispersed shallow roots absorb water rapidly before it can evaporate following rainstorms. Its deep roots draw water from reservoirs deep underground.

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• Cottonwood is the largest broad-leafed tree in the Northwest and can reach up to one hundred feet tall. The smooth triangular leaves are dark green on top and lighter underneath. The aromatic leaf buds appear in late winter to early spring and contain a reddish-brown resin. During early spring male and female catkins form on separate trees. The female catkins are bright red and hang up to five inches long. After flowering, smooth, green, bead-like capsules form then split into three parts and release seeds with fluffy white hairs. Cottonwoods are associated with water. The unopened buds of Cottonwood are very fragrant and have been used commercially in perfumes and soaps.
  

• The pungently scented Yarrow has finely divided fern-like leaves and a flat-topped cluster of many small white flowers. The species grows in a diversity of habitats and flowers from June through September. The densely hairy plants average between ten and twenty inches tall with leaves one to four inches long.

• Ponderosa Pine, also known as the Western Yellow Pine or simply P-pine, is the dominant pine of the Rocky Mountains from Canada to Mexico. (It also grows in Canada and Mexico). Lewis and Clark first learned of the tree’s existence when they found cones that had been washed down the Missouri River into the Dakotas. Ponderosa Pine is a large tree (sometimes more than two hundred feet) with an irregular crown, eventually developing a flat top or short conical crown. Ponderosa pine self-prunes well and develops a clear bole. The bark is very dark (nearly black) on young trees, developing cinnamon-colored plates and deep furrows with age. This tree has evergreen leaves (needles), 5 to 10 inches long, with three tough yellow-green needles per fascicle. When crushed needles have a turpentine odor sometimes reminiscent of citrus. The male flowering part is yellow-red, cylindrical, and grows in clusters near ends of branches; female flower parts are reddish and grow at the branch tips. The cones, maturing from August through September, are oval, 3 to 6 inches long, and red-brown in color.

Dried/wilted plant cold infused organic oils.
Thickened at low temperature.
Wild harvested in Idaho.

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